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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Akihide Fujisawa
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 46 | Number 1 | July 2004 | Pages 91-100
Technical Paper | Stellarators | doi.org/10.13182/FST04-A544
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Bifurcation phenomena with confinement improvement in toroidal plasmas are briefly reviewed. After a general discussion of the formation mechanisms of improved confinement modes, the electron internal transport barrier commonly observed in stellarators is chosen here as the main subject with focus on the following aspects: the bifurcation property, the scenario of bifurcation with confinement improvement, and the confinement features. Several works to investigate the relationship between rational surfaces and barrier formation are introduced as examples to show the relation between magnetic topology and the bifurcation property. The roles of stellarators, which have a wide variety of configurations, for understanding bifurcation phenomena are discussed.