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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jing Wu, Yajing Chen, Jian Liu, Pengcheng Guo, Lei Xue, Lieming Yao
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 79 | Number 5 | July 2023 | Pages 578-591
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2022.2162793
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper studies electromagnetic (EM) loads during major disruptions and vertical displacement events by introducing a two-dimensional spatiotemporal plasma current attenuation filament profile derived from the DINA code. Three-dimensional geometry models of the HL-2M tokamak are established by ANSYS, including the plasma-facing components (PFCs), the vacuum vessel (VV), poloidal magnetic field/central solenoid magnetic field coils, and divertor. Eddy currents are induced with plasma current decay and flow into the PFC components. The interaction between eddy currents and magnetic fields generates enormous EM forces and torques. The halo current also flows into the VV and divertor components from the inner and outer target plates, the demo plate, and the cassette box. The halo current–induced EM loads are the most substantial forces in the inward radial and upward vertical forces for the VV and divertor. The simulation results provide a reference for the design and safety assessment of the magnetically confined tokamak HL-2M.