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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
B. M. Angelini, M. L. Apicella, G. Buceti, C. Centioli, F. Crisanti, F. Iannone, G. Mazza, G. Mazzitelli, M. Panella, V. Vitale, The FTU Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 45 | Number 3 | May 2004 | Pages 437-458
Technical Paper | Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) | doi.org/10.13182/FST04-A524
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Some specific points of the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) operation are presented for plasma performance as well as for the machine availability and the development of new tools needed to operate in a complex scenario needed for tokamak research. The different techniques adopted for wall conditioning of the FTU are reviewed. Plasmas with low Zeff have been achieved including those at low density and high additional heating power. The obtained experimental results are discussed in terms of better operation and plasma performance achieved. As with any other large - and thus long-lasting - experiments, a mixture of old and new technological solutions inserted in an open source framework characterizes the FTU data control and acquisition systems. We give some information on the original architecture and try to detail its current state. The high level of reliability presently achieved is discussed.