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Fusion Science and Technology
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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
O. Tudisco, G. M. Apruzzese, P. Buratti, L. Cantarini, A. Canton, L. Carraro, V. Cocilovo, R. de Angelis, M. de Benedetti, B. Esposito, L. Gabellieri, E. Giovannozzi, G. Granucci, L. A. Grosso, G. Grosso, P. Innocente, H. Kroegler, M. Leigheb, G. Monari, D. Pacella, L. Panaccione, V. Pericoli-Ridolfini, G. Pizzicaroli, S. Podda, M. E. Puiatti, G. Rocchi, A. Sibio, A. Simonetto, P. Smeulders, U. Tartari, N. Tartoni, B. Tilia, M. Valisa, V. Zanza, M. Zerbini
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 45 | Number 3 | May 2004 | Pages 402-421
Technical Paper | Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) | doi.org/10.13182/FST04-A522
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The design of diagnostics for the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) is challenging because of the compactness of the machine (8-cm-wide ports) and the low operating temperatures requiring the presence of a cryostat. Nevertheless, a rather complete diagnostic system has been progressively installed. The basic systems include a set of magnetic probes, various visible and ultraviolet spectrometers, electron cyclotron emission (ECE) for electron temperature profiles measurements and electron tails monitoring, far-infrared and CO2 interferometry, X-ray (soft and hard) measurements, a multichord neutron diagnostics (with different type detectors), and a Thomson scattering system. Some diagnostics specific to the FTU physics program have been used such as microwave reflectometry for turbulence studies, edge-scanning Langmuir probes for radio-frequency coupling assessment, oblique ECE, and a fast electron bremsstrahlung (FEB) camera for lower hybrid current drive-induced fast electron tails.These systems are briefly reviewed in this paper. Further developments including a scanning CO2 laser two-color interferometer, two FEB cameras for tomographic analysis, a motional Stark effect system, and a collective Thomson scattering system are also described.
