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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
J. Mishra, R. Gangradey, P. Nayak, S. Mukherjee
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 78 | Number 3 | April 2022 | Pages 211-219
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1985905
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Based on the ideal gas gun theory (IGT) approximation, an analytical study of solid hydrogen pellet motion in a gas gun–type pellet injector has been performed. A parametric investigation has been conducted to study the pellet speed dependence on the gun characteristics and the propellant conditions. The calculations have been verified by applying various experimental data reported from the literature. Experimental results are within 70% to 90% of the ideal IGT and are in line with global predictions. Calculations indicate that the speed of the pellet has a strong dependence on the propellant pressure and its mass, and a weak dependence on the length of the gun barrel. In addition, the effects of shock waves due to the sudden opening of the propellant valve and some nonideal effects, such as the effect of friction at the propellant pellet–wall interface, have been studied. The results of the calculations have been verified by applying them to the experimental results.
