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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Nuclear Science and Engineering
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Nuclear Technology
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
Y. P. Zhang, D. Mazon, J. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. Malard, H. B. Xu, J. Zhou, Y. Peysson, X. L. Zou, J. W. Yang, G. L. Yuan, M. Isobe, X. Y. Song, X. Li, Yi Liu, Z. B. Shi, M. Xu, X. R. Duan, the HL-2A Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 77 | Number 1 | January 2021 | Pages 1-8
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2020.1829457
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A hard X-ray pinhole camera system has been recently built at the HL-2A tokamak to measure the evolution of space-time distribution of fast electrons in the energy range of 20 to 200 keV. The camera is mainly composed of a fan-shaped detector array, an observation window, a pinhole mechanism, and a data processing system. The detector array consists of 21 CdTe detectors that are arranged in a poloidal section. The camera views the plasma perpendicularly through an observation window mounted in a horizontal port on the equatorial plane. The data processing is implemented by a fast spectrometry based on field-programmable gate array technology. The time and space resolution of the camera can reach 2 to 16 ms and 2 cm, respectively. During the HL-2A experiment campaign in 2018, measurements of fast electrons produced by lower hybrid waves using the camera were successfully performed. The performance of the camera and the first experimental results with some discussions are presented in this paper.
