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September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
V. Philipps
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 45 | Number 2 | March 2004 | Pages 237-248
Technical Paper | Plasma and Fusion Energy Physics - Edge Physics and Exhaust | doi.org/10.13182/FST04-A488
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The surrounding material walls in fusion devices must fulfil three important tasks:provide high vacuum conditions necessary to provide clean fusion plasmasabsorb the power produced by the -particles in the fusion processes and injected by auxiliary heatingenable the exhaust of the helium ash by thermalisation of the helium plasma ions on material surfaces in the vicinity of helium pumps.The interaction of the plasma with the surrounding wall surfaces (PSI: plasma surface interaction) is therefore a necessary condition for fusion devices and not to avoid. In the plasma wall interaction a variety of bulk material and surface processes are involved on one side together with various special processes in the near surface plasma region on the other side. They can modify the properties of the boundary and main plasma in a feed back like behaviour.1,2 A prominent example is the release of impurities from the walls by plasma particle impact which increases the energy loss of the plasma by radiation and reduces thereby the particle fluxes to and impurity release from the walls.