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ANS Student Conference 2025
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
S. S. Ananyev, A. Yu. Dnestrovskij, A. S. Kukushkin, A. V. Spitsyn, B. V. Kuteev
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 76 | Number 4 | May 2020 | Pages 503-512
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2020.1718855
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The fuel cycle (FC) model FC-FNS is used for the calculation of hydrogen isotope flows in the fuel systems of the DEMO-FNS fusion neutron source (FNS) based on a tokamak with parameters R/a = 3.2 m/1 m, B = 5 T, Ipl = 4 to 5 MA, PNBI = 30 MW, РECR = 6 MW, and deuterium-tritium fusion power Pf = 40 MW. The FC-FNS model includes joint simulation of the gas, solid-state, and plasma flows of the fuel mixtures in the areas of the core and near-wall plasma when neon admixture is injected into the divertors. The basic principles of particle balance formation in the plasma and FC systems are described in the paper. In the process of fueling mode optimization, the requirements for productivity of the key FC systems containing the largest amount of T have been formulated. The FC configuration with the minimum tritium reserve (<2 kg) and the shortest processing time is selected.