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  General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
  Nichols
  The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
  As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
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In ITER, reflection of photons on vacuum vessel will make parasitic signals (stray light) for optical diagnostics. In this study, to estimate and mitigate the effect of the stray light in ITER in a systematic manner, a ray transfer matrix was constructed based on ray tracing calculations for a divertor impurity monitor and charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS). It is shown that the allocation of the sources around the strike point and the X-point, where the emission is strong, is important for the model used to build the transfer matrix to effectively mitigate the stray light. The origin of the stray light for the core CXRS is investigated, and a case study to subtract the stray light is shown.