ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
D.A. Petti, D. L. Hagrman
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 3 | December 1996 | Pages 1533-1539
Safety and Environment | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A11963168
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A simple “first principles” model has been developed to establish the level of activation product transport through ITER confinement barriers in both wet (steam) and dry (air) accident scenarios. The model accounts for steam condensation (wet scenarios only), aerosol agglomeration, gravitational settling, and leakage. Parametric studies have been performed for a range of aerosol particle sizes and mass densities expected by activation product mobilization. Recommended aerosol confinement release fractions for both wet and dry scenarios have been developed.