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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
A. Itakura, T. Hirai, H. Hojo, J. Kohagura, Y. Shima, S. Tsunoda, M. Yoshikawa, K. Yatsu
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 43 | Number 1 | January 2003 | Pages 243-247
Diagnostics | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A11963603
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An electron density profile is observed by using an ultrashort-pulse reflectometry in the central cell of the GAMMA 10 device. The pulse having 65 ps FWHM is launched into the plasma in the O-mode and reflected at the cut off layer. The frequency range of the receiving system is 6 to 11 GHz. Time of flight of the received signal is measured via a time to amplitude converter and processed by a computer. Here, electron density profile lower than 1.5 × 1018 m−3 is reconstructed within one-shot data. The time variation of the electron density profile is acquired. Reflected wave has information of fluctuation, simultaneously. Frequency spectrum of the fluctuation is also observed.
