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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Kazuyuki Takase, Yasuo Ose, Hajime Akimoto
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 2 | March 2001 | Pages 1050-1055
Safety and Environment | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A11963382
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Damage of cooling tubes of plasma facing components (PFCs) results in water discharge into a vacuum vessel (W) of a fusion reactor. Flashing in vacuum, water pool boiling and impingement-jet on a surface of the PFC are the main heat transfer phenomena responsible for steam production that causes a rapid pressurization of the W. This is called an in-vessel loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) event or ingress-of-coolant event (ICE). The ICE event is one of the most severe accidents in the fusion reactors.
The integrated ICE test facility was constructed to demonstrate the safety design approach of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and obtain validation data for the ITER safety analysis codes. Then, an experimental study was performed using the integrated ICE test facility and at the same time the code validation study with the TRAC code was carried out. The pressure rise characteristics in the current ITER machine during the ICE event were analyzed numerically using the verified TRAC-PF1 code and the effects of the relief pipe diameter and suppression tank volume regarding to the pressure rise due to the ICE events were clarified quantitatively from the present analytical results.
