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  Colin Judge: Testing structural materials in Idaho’s newest hot cell facility
  Idaho National Laboratory’s newest facility—the Sample Preparation Laboratory (SPL)—sits across the road from the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF), which started operating in 1975. SPL will host the first new hot cells at INL’s Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) in 50 years, giving INL researchers and partners new flexibility to test the structural properties of irradiated materials fresh from the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) or from a partner’s facility.
  Materials meant to withstand extreme conditions in fission or fusion power plants must be tested under similar conditions and pushed past their breaking points so performance and limitations can be understood and improved. Once irradiated, materials samples can be cut down to size in SPL and packaged for testing in other facilities at INL or other national laboratories, commercial labs, or universities. But they can also be subjected to extreme thermal or corrosive conditions and mechanical testing right in SPL, explains Colin Judge, who, as INL’s division director for nuclear materials performance, oversees SPL and other facilities at the MFC.
  SPL won’t go “hot” until January 2026, but Judge spoke with NN staff writer Susan Gallier about its capabilities as his team was moving instruments into the new facility.
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The FIRE experiment¹ will present a net electric power demand approaching 1000MW for 10's of seconds, repeated once every 2 hours, delivered to the load via thyristor AC/DC converters which exhibit a widely varying power factor. The issues associated with the supply of such a load from the utility grid can be divided into two categories:

Technical

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transmission line power flow vs. capacity

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voltage deviation within the grid vs. limits

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frequency deviation within the grid vs. limits

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loading of electrical equipment (e.g. generators)

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control of power generation (e.g. steam turbines)

Operational

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control and monitoring of grid power flow

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coordination of protection systems

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repetitive cycling of power system equipment

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allowance for contingency on tie line power flows

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power flow reversal

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harmonic content of load

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power and energy monitoring, billing rate structure