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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Mikirou Yoshinuma, Akira Ando, Noriyoshi Sato, Masaaki Inutake, Toshiro Kaneko, Kunihiko Hattori, Rikizo Hatakeyama
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 1 | January 2001 | Pages 191-194
Topical Lectures | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A11963439
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Radial potential profiles are precisely controlled to vary both radial electric field Er and its shear by using a 10-segmented endplate in an ECR-produced plasma. Observed frequencies and intensities of flute-mode and drift-mode fluctuations depend on the potential profile. The frequencies are Doppler shifted by E × B drift. The flute-mode fluctuation is identified as Kelvin-Helmholtz type instability which is destabilized by strong E × B flow shear. The drift-mode fluctuation is destabilized in the region of small and negative electric field. When the E × B rotation frequency shear is increased with Er being fixed, the drift-mode fluctuations increase once in a weaker shear region, attain its peak at a certain shear and then decrease in the strong shear region. This behavior suggests that the rotation frequency shear of net ion drift which is determined from both E × B drift and diamagnetic drift is important for stabilizing the drift mode.
