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ANS Student Conference 2025
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Fusion Science and Technology
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
M. Inutake
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 1 | January 2001 | Pages 49-55
Invited Review Lectures | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A11963414
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Radial potential control by use of end-plate biasing in the GAMMA10 tandem mirror is very effective to suppress low-frequency fluctuations and to achieve a reactive plasma with hot ion temperature of up to 10 keV. In order to clarify effects of both radial electric field and its shear on low-frequency fluctuations, basic experiments have been carried out a small linear device, QT-U of Tohoku University, in which systematic control and precise measurements of radial potential profiles can be done. Flute-mode and drift-mode fluctuations appear in the radial region with steep density gradient. The observed flute-mode is identified as Kelvin-Helmholtz instability driven by strong E × B drift shear. The drift-mode fluctuations depend complicatedly on both radial electric field and its shear. The drift-mode is destabilized in the region of weakly negative electric field. In the strong Eτ region, the mode is suppressed, irrespective of its sign. This behavior agrees qualitatively with that observed in the ECH mode of GAMMA10. The drift-mode in the QT-U is clearly stabilized by the increase in net ion drift shear which is defined as the sum of E × B drift shear and ion diamagnetic drift shear.
