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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Alexander A. Skovoroda
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 1 | January 2001 | Pages 41-48
Invited Review Lectures | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A11963413
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The conceptual project APEX (Adapted Plasma Experiment) is discussed. The APEX objective is the development of a physical foundations for the CW fusion reactor, created on a base of an alternative type of magnetic trap, which could provide a “tokamak scale” confinement time at much higher β. Linked mirrors are the prototypes of this heading. The main idea of DRACON trap – the short circuit secondary plasma currents inside the curve elements (CE) – is kept. The new principle of poloidal pseudosymmetry and the non-traditional scheme of MHD plasma stabilization by “magnetic hump” give a possibility of a new approach to reduce plasma losses.
The APEX concept provides for the Experimental Pseudo SYmmetric Linked trap (EPSYLON) design. The whole installation will be have two axisymmetric mirror parts (OME) closed with two CEs. Each OME contains the diverter. CE should have a strongly rippled magnetic field. As far as each OME and each CE is a trap with mirror confinement it is possible to start an investigation of the system from separate experiments with different parts of the whole system. The EPSYLON construction will be adapted to the experimental results. The experiment with OME is chosen now as the first step of the program. The main objective of this first experiment is the investigation of the “magnetic hump” MHD stabilization produced by divertor. EPSILON-OME installation is discussed. The closed system calculations are going in parallel.