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  General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
  Nichols
  The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
  As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
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New applications of space tethers (High-Voltage Tethered Satellite System project) are discussed in relation with idea¹ of an active experiment in the Earth's radiation belts. Two conducting strings are supposed to be tethered between the main satellite and two small subsatellites flying through the ERB. A large potential difference ∼1MV is applied between the tethers by means of a generator carried on the main satellite. The tethers effectively scatter the high energy particles into loss cone of magnetic trap, providing a control of particle life time in ERB. The rigorous theory of the sheath layer formed by relatively cold plasma is developed, yielding the electric field profile, which is then used for the treatment of scattering problem. With the help of Fokker-Planck equation the average rate of particle losses, normalized per 1 km of the tether's length is found to be: (2.5 ÷ 14) · 10¹⁶ s⁻¹ km⁻¹ for electron belts and 1.8·10¹⁴÷2.5·10²⁰ s⁻¹ km⁻¹ for proton belts. New active experiments in space become possible under the joint realization of HVTSS and HAARP projects.