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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
T.D. Akhmetov, V.S. Belkin, E.D. Bender, V.I. Davydenko, G.I. Dimov, A.S. Donin, A.N. Dranichnikov, V.G. Igoshin, A.A. Kabantsev, Yu.V. Kovalenko, A.S. Krivenko, I.I. Morozov, V.B. Reva, V.Ya. Savkin, G.I. Shulzhenko, V.G. Sokolov, M.Yu. Stepanov, S.Yu. Taskaev
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 35 | Number 1 | January 1999 | Pages 94-98
Topical Review Lectures | doi.org/10.13182/FST99-A11963831
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Investigation of the hot initial plasma created in an axisymmetric end system of the ambipolar trap AMBAL-M has been completed. In the end mirror we obtained the MHD stable plasma with the electron temperature of 50 eV, ion temperature 200 eV, and density about 1013 cm−3. In an MHD anchor – the semicusp a transverse profile of the plasma pressure favorable for the MHD stability was obtained. Pulsed injection of fast atoms with the current of 100 A demonstrated sufficient accumulation rate of the ion population trapped into the initial plasma. The first experiments with ICR-heating of the initial plasma were carried out.
Two atomic injectors of the end mirror were prepared for work. In these injectors four quasistationary proton beams were obtained with the energy of 25 keV and current of up to 50 A per beam. After their charge-exchange the atomic beams were passed through an MHD stabilizing shell and the target plasma.
Principal vacuum units of the 2-nd stage of the installation were tested and prepaired for assembly. One-half of the magnet-vacuum system of the AMBAL-M central solenoid was assembled and tested for vacuum.