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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Yoshinori Kawamura, Satoshi Konishi, Masataka Nishi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 45 | Number 1 | January 2004 | Pages 33-40
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST04-A423
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A blanket tritium recovery system that uses an electrochemical hydrogen pump with a protonic conductor membrane is proposed. One of the advantages of this system is the potential for processing the blanket sweep gas without fractionation of hydrogen isotopes and water vapor. In this work, hydrogen in a water molecule is extracted by a hydrogen pump using a Perovskite-type ceramic such as SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-. The threshold, which corresponds to the energy of H2O decomposition, for hydrogen extraction from the water molecule is 500 to 600 mV at 873 K. The threshold becomes smaller with increases of the partial pressure of the water vapor. In the case of pumping of the H2-H2O mixture gas, transportation of H2 precedes H2O decomposition below the threshold (H2O decomposition voltage), and the threshold becomes larger. In order to process the blanket sweep gas without fractionation of hydrogen isotope and water vapor, comparatively high applied voltage is required.
