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  General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
  Nichols
  The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
  As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
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JET experimental results directly relevant to ITER design are presented. From recent experiments in DT mixtures varying from 100:0 to 10:90, it is inferred that an inverse mass dependence should be included in the H-mode power threshold scaling. Using ITER similarity experiments, the global energy confinement time in JET discharges with type I ELMs is found to be consistent with the gyro-Bohm physics form which has no dependence on plasma β. This form has a weak negative mass dependence but a stronger density dependence than the ITERH93-P scaling. Using the JET MkIIa pumped divertor with N₂ seeding, ITER-relevant highly radiative regimes (P_R up to 75%) accompanied by type III ELMs have been studied. It is found that the confinement degrades progressively with increasing radiative power fraction. Power loading of divertor tiles with type I ELMs appears to be excessive with NBI whereas it is less of a concern with ICRH. Preliminary assessement of the ITER reference second harmonic (2ɷCT) ICRH scenario with and without the addition of a small amount of He3 is also presented. High performance optimised shear discharges with potentially ‘well aligned’ bootstrap current scenarios consistent with ITER-relevant steady-state operation have also been studied. Internal transport barriers featuring peaked plasma profiles have been demonstrated in DT plasmas in JET. Preliminary results of α-particle driven toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) in the ‘after-glow’ of NBI heated 50:50 DT plasmas are also presented.