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Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Karl H. Spatschek
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 33 | Number 2 | March 1998 | Pages 50-59
Basic Theory and Fusion Devices | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11946994
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In this overview, the main arguments for a kinetic description of a classical non-relativistic many particle system are reviewed. First, the need and strategy for a kinetic description of plasma particles is discussed. The Vlasov, the Landau-Fokker-Planck, and the Balescu-Lenard equations are presented as the most useful kinetic equations for the particle distribution functions. It is shown that a linearization of the initial value problem can already give interesting insights into the dynamic behaviors. In many cases a reduction to a plasmadynamic (fluid) description is appropriate, and popular truncations are summarized. Finally, the basic methods for a kinetic description of waves are presented. When some wave excitations are driven unstable and the collective motion of particles dominates, the wave-kinetic equations will be the appropriate dynamical equations. It is shown that spectra of the Kolmogorov-Obukhov type are exact stationary solutions of the latter.