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Fusion Science and Technology
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
R.J. Hawryluk, Cris W. Barnes, S. Batha, M. Beer, M.G. Bell, R. Bell, H. Berk, M. Bitter, N.L. Bretz, R. Budny, C.E. Bush, S. Cauffman, C. S. Chang, Z. Chang, C.Z. Cheng, D.S. Darrow, R. Dendy, W. Dorland, L. Dudek, H. Duong, R. Durst, P.C. Efthimion, H. Evenson, N. Fisch, R. Fisher, R.J. Fonck, C. Forrest, E. Fredrickson, G.Y. Fu, H.P. Furth, N. Gorelenkov, B. Grek, L.R. Grisham, G. Hammett, W. Heidbrink, H.W. Herrmann, M. Herrmann, K.W. Hill, B. Hooper, J. Hosea, W.A. Houlberg, M. Hughes, D.L. Jassby, F.C. Jobes, D.W. Johnson, R. Kaita, J. Kamperschroer, J. Kesner, A. Krazilniknov, H. Kugel, A. Kumar, P.H. LaMarche, B. LeBlanc, J. Levine, F.M. Levinton, Z. Lin, J. Machuzak, R. Majeski, D.K. Mansfield, E. Mazzucato, M. Mauel, J. McChesney, K.M. McGuire, G. McKee, D.M. Meade, S.S. Medley, D.R. Mikkelsen, S.V. Mimov, D. Mueller, G. Navratil, R. Nazikian, B. Nevins, M. Okabayashi, M. Osakabe, D.K. Owens, H. Park, W. Park, S.F. Paul, M. Petrov, C.K. Phillips, M. Phillips, P. Phillips, A. Ramsey, M.H. Redi, G. Rewoldt, B. Rice, J. Rogers, A.L. Roquemore, E. Ruskov, S.A. Sabbagh, M. Sasao, G. Schilling, G.L. Schmidt, S.D. Scott, I. Semenov, C.H. Skinner, D. Spong, J.D. Strachan, E.J. Strait, B.C. Stratton, E. Synakowski, H. Takahashi, W. Tang, G. Taylor, S. von Goeler, A. von Halle, R.B. White, M.D. Williams, J.R. Wilson, K.L. Wong, G.A. Wurden, K.M. Young, M.C. Zarnstorff, S.J. Zweben
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 3 | December 1996 | Pages 648-659
Recent Results from Inertial and Magnetic Confinement Experiments | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A11963011
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
During the D-T campaign on TFTR, safe and successful operation has been demonstrated with tritium fuel enabling a broad range of physics studies. Transport studies have focused on the formation of internal transport barriers in the enhanced reversed shear regime. Current profile modification has been employed to study MHD stability in both reversed shear and high ℓi discharges. Several important alpha physics topics have been studied including the confinement and loss of alpha particles in both quiescent and MHD active discharges and the effect of alpha-particle heating and alpha-particle destabilization of TAE modes. Plans for future experiments are being discussed.
