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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Ali E. Dabiri
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 12 | Number 2 | September 1987 | Pages 238-248
Fusion Reactors | doi.org/10.13182/FST87-A11963782
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Systems studies have been performed to assess commercial tokamak options. Superconducting, as well as normal, magnet coils in either first or second stability regimes have been considered. A spherical torus (ST), as well as an elongated tokamak (ET), is included in this study. The cost of electricity (COE) is selected as the figure of merit, and beta and first-wall neutron wall loads are selected to represent the physics and technology characteristics of various options. The results indicate that an economical optimum for tokamaks requires a beta of ∼10% (achievable in the second stability regime) and a wall load of ∼5 MW/m2, which is assumed to be optimum technologically. This tokamak is expected to be competitive with fission plants if efficient, noninductive current drive is developed. However, if this regime cannot be attained, all other tokamaks operating in the first stability regime, including the ST and ET and assuming a limiting wall load of 5 MW/m2, will compete with each other with a COE of ∼50 mill/kW·h. This is 40% higher than the COE for the optimum reactor in the second stability regime with fast-wave current drive. The above conclusions pertain to a 1200-MW(electric) net electric power plant. A comparison was also made between ST, ET, and superconducting magnets in the second stability regime with fast-wave current drive at 600 MW(electric). The result indicates that the COE of an ET or ST device operating with the same technology requirement (wall load) as a superconducting magnet tokamak is about the same as the COE of a superconducting magnet tokamak in the second stability regime. Therefore, a device like ST or ET appears more attractive in ratings lower than 1200 MW(electric).
