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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Peter Franzen, Juliusz Sielanko, Hubert Peter Lambert De Esch, Eckehart Speth, Bernd Heinemann, Rudolph Riedl
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 44 | Number 4 | December 2003 | Pages 776-790
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A415
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An alternative residual ion removal concept for the ITER neutral beam system is presented. It consists of magnetic deflection of the residual ions to in-line ion dumps. The target plates are hit from one side and form a 0.5-m-wide opening to the beam. First calculations show that for the most severe case of a 3-mrad beam, the maximum power load can be kept below 15 MW/m2, using a different horizontal focal length. However, this different beamlet optic increases the beam peak power density changing the plasma deposition profile and increasing the shine-through power during low-density operation. First calculations showed that using a passive screening, the additional stray field created by the magnet could be kept below the required 1 gauss within the neutralizer. The overall beamline transmission increases by ~10% (i.e., an additional 1.7-MW injected power for each beamline for a 3-mrad beam) due to the open structure of the magnet and the ion dumps. Furthermore, the concept offers a larger operating window regarding beam alignment, divergence, steering, and transmission, and it avoids creating accelerated secondary electrons.