ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Division Spotlight
Education, Training & Workforce Development
The Education, Training & Workforce Development Division provides communication among the academic, industrial, and governmental communities through the exchange of views and information on matters related to education, training and workforce development in nuclear and radiological science, engineering, and technology. Industry leaders, education and training professionals, and interested students work together through Society-sponsored meetings and publications, to enrich their professional development, to educate the general public, and to advance nuclear and radiological science and engineering.
Meeting Spotlight
ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Feb 2025
Jul 2024
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
March 2025
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
February 2025
Latest News
Colin Judge: Testing structural materials in Idaho’s newest hot cell facility
Idaho National Laboratory’s newest facility—the Sample Preparation Laboratory (SPL)—sits across the road from the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF), which started operating in 1975. SPL will host the first new hot cells at INL’s Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) in 50 years, giving INL researchers and partners new flexibility to test the structural properties of irradiated materials fresh from the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) or from a partner’s facility.
Materials meant to withstand extreme conditions in fission or fusion power plants must be tested under similar conditions and pushed past their breaking points so performance and limitations can be understood and improved. Once irradiated, materials samples can be cut down to size in SPL and packaged for testing in other facilities at INL or other national laboratories, commercial labs, or universities. But they can also be subjected to extreme thermal or corrosive conditions and mechanical testing right in SPL, explains Colin Judge, who, as INL’s division director for nuclear materials performance, oversees SPL and other facilities at the MFC.
SPL won’t go “hot” until January 2026, but Judge spoke with NN staff writer Susan Gallier about its capabilities as his team was moving instruments into the new facility.
Dai-Kai Sze, The ARIES Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 26 | Number 3 | November 1994 | Pages 1061-1068
Fusion Blanket, Shield, and Neutronic Technology | Proceedings of the Eleventh Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy New Orleans, Louisiana June 19-23, 1994 | doi.org/10.13182/FST94-A40295
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A series of reactor design studies based on the Tokamak configuration have been carried out under the direction of Professor Robert Conn of UCLA. They are called ARIES-I through IV. The key mission of these studies is to evaluate the attractiveness of fusion assuming different degrees of advancement in either physics or engineering development. This paper discusses the directions and conclusions of the blanket and related engineering systems for those design studies. ARIES-I investigated the use of SiC composite as the structural material to increase the blanket temperature and reduce the blanket activation. Li2ZrO3 was used as the breeding material due to its high temperature stability and good tritium recovery characteristics. To reduce the activation caused by the using of Zr, isotopic tailoring is required. Also, W was selected as the divertor target. The activation caused by the Zr and W, even with isotopic tailoring, reduced the safety advantage for the SiC blanket. The ARIES-IV is a modification of ARIES-I. The plasma was in the second stability regime. Li2O was used as the breeding material to remove Zr. A gaseous divertor was used to replace the conventional divertor so that high Z divertor target is not required. We investigated the possibility of breeding without the use of Be. However, tritium self sufficiency could not be assured with the uncertainties in the neutronic data. The safety advantage of ARIES-IV was enhanced by the removal of the high activation materials. The physics of ARIES-II was the same as ARIES-IV. The engineering design of the ARIES-II was based on a self-cooled lithium blanket with a V-alloy as the structural material. Even though it was assumed that the plasma was in the second stability regime, the plasma beta was still rather low (3.4%). To achieve an acceptable neutron wall loading, the magnetic field is rather high. This put an extra burden on a self-cooled liquid metal blanket. It was determined that a self-cooled lithium blanket with bare walls was not acceptable for a reactor with ARIES-II type parameters. Therefore, an insulating coating is required to assure an acceptable design window to reduce the MHD pressure drop. The ARIES-III is an advanced fuel (D-3He) tokamak reactor. The reactor design assumed major advancement on the physics, with a plasma beta of 23.9%. A conventional structural material is acceptable due to the low neutron wall loading. From the radiation damage point of view, the first wall can last the life of the reactor, which is expected to be a major advantage from the engineering design and waste disposal point of view. Organic coolant was selected as the reactor coolant to reduce the operating temperature compared to He, and to reduce the coolant pressure and improve thermal efficiency compared to water. However, the use of organic coolant raised safety and decomposition concerns.