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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Kei Kodera, Yuto Takeuchi, Yasushi Yamamoto, Hiroshi Yamada
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 44 | Number 2 | September 2003 | Pages 554-558
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - Nonelectric Applications | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A396
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For the purpose of making use a torus type magnetic confinement device as a high current electron source by extracting runaway electrons, we investigated magnetic fields' configuration and calculated electron orbits by numerical simulation. Extraction coils which generate field to lead electrons to outside of the device, also strongly disturbed magnetic field in partly installed case. We propose new cancellation coil setups. The numerical calculation shows influence of extraction coils are reduced, and as a results, the maximum radius of magnetic surface is almost the same as the case of setting up extraction coils all around device.We also traced the electron acceleration and extraction orbits from low energy in confinement area. Through that, we estimated the extraction ratio of the runaway electrons and their averaged energy. The results show that 70% of the runaway electrons can be extracted and the averaged energy of those electrons is 4 keV in case of all direction extraction.
