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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
T. P. Bernat, J. H. Campbell, N. Petta, I. Sakellari, S. Koo, J.-H. Yoo, C. Grigoropoulos
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 70 | Number 2 | August-September 2016 | Pages 310-315
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST15-219
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Hollow cylindrical tubes grown directly from flat glass substrates as well as spherical glow-discharge-polymer substrates were made using two-photon polymerization. The tube diameters were as small as 10-μm outer diameter and 4- to 5-μm inner diameter, and lengths were as long as 450 μm. Such structures could conceivably be used as fill tubes on inertial confinement fusion capsules. Two resin materials were examined, giving tubes with different flexibilities. One resin was an organic-inorganic hybrid silicon-zirconium sol gel, the second being Ormocomp, a commercially available ultraviolet-curable material. The strength of attachment of the zirconium-based sol gel tubes to their substrates was measured to be around 100 MPa. The times measured to remove uncured resins from high-aspect-ratio tubes during the development process were several hours.