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  Dragonfly, a Pu-fueled drone heading to Titan, gets key NASA approval
  Curiosity landed on Mars sporting a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) in 2012, and a second NASA rover, Perseverance, landed in 2021. Both are still rolling across the red planet in the name of science. Another exploratory craft with a similar plutonium-238–fueled RTG but a very different mission—to fly between multiple test sites on Titan, Saturn’s largest moon—recently got one step closer to deployment.
  On April 25, NASA and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) announced that the Dragonfly mission to Saturn’s icy moon passed its critical design review. “Passing this mission milestone means that Dragonfly’s mission design, fabrication, integration, and test plans are all approved, and the mission can now turn its attention to the construction of the spacecraft itself,” according to NASA.
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First-of-a-kind numerical simulation was performed to evaluate time dependent tritium transport properties for Korea’s HCCR (Helium-Cooled Ceramic Reflector) TBM (Test Blanket Module) design under ITER inductive operating conditions. The estimation of tritium inventories in various components of the HCCR submodule and its permeation amount into the helium coolant was obtained through three computational models involving: 1) a 3D FW standalone model where diffusion and permeation into FW He coolant through tritium ion implantation was studied, 2) a 2D Poloidal-Radial (P-R) mid-plane model where the effect of increased tritium concentration in the purge gas stream was accounted for, and 3) a 2D Toroidal-Radial (T-R) mid-plane model to study tritium concentration accumulation in the He coolant. The analysis shows that tritium inventory in the breeder reaches an equilibrium value in about 10 cycles, and is about 0.373 mg per submodule. Tritium inventory in the ferritic steel structure reaches its equilibrium value in less than 10 cycles, and has about 0.0012 mg per submodule at the end of the plasma burn. The amount of the tritium permeated into helium coolant is about 1.8% of the amount of tritium produced per cycle.