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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
S. A. Cherenshchykov
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 66 | Number 2 | October 2014 | Pages 358-367
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-720
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The injection of a nonrelativistic electron beam into a toroidal solenoid is considered. A secondary emission magnetron injection gun is proposed as a source of the electron beam. Using the drift approximation, a step value after the first turn of the beam around the solenoid is calculated. For multiturn injection, the beam must not return to the electron gun. Thus, the step value must be large enough by comparison with the gun dimension. Using this condition and the Hull cutoff magnetic field equation, the maximum electrode diameters of the magnetron injection gun are calculated. The maximum gun perveance is calculated using scale theory and experimental data from other authors. Because of the small dimensions of the gun, a concept for a multibeam gun is proposed. As an example, the total current and total power are calculated for two values of the electron beam energy and three operational facilities. In comparison with existing sources for auxiliary plasma heating, a novel approach can provide higher power. The calculated levels of the electric field strength in the gun are several times lower than those achieved in experiments. Prospects for the novel concept for plasma heating and current drive and the problem of gun cooling are discussed. Other possible applications are discussed too.