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Fusion Science and Technology
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
P. Norajitra, W. W. Basuki, L. Spatafora, U. Stegmaier
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 66 | Number 1 | July-August 2014 | Pages 266-271
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-739
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A modular He-cooled divertor concept for DEMO has been pursued at KIT with the goal of reaching 10 MW/m2. The reference design uses small tungsten-based cooling fingers of about 20 mm in size. They consist of a tungsten tile as a thermal shield that is to be connected to a thimble heat sink structure from W–1 wt% La2O3 (WL10) tungsten alloy. The lower boundary of the divertor operating temperature window is predicted by the ductile-to-brittle temperature and the upper boundary by the recrystallization temperature of WL10 material, currently assumed at 600°C and 1300°C, respectively. The important requirements for the joint between the W tile and WL10 thimble are (a) functioning as a crack stopper, (b) resisting a high operating temperature of about 1200°C, and (c) using low-activation material as an interlayer. Previously used PdNi brazing material has been successfully tested at a brazing temperature of about 1270°C. The mock-ups produced in this way are sufficient for the HHF tests without neutrons. In a further step to approach the DEMO requirements with higher demands, the use of low-activating titanium with a melting point of 1668°C as bonding material was examined both for brazing and for diffusion welding of tungsten parts. This paper reports on the first successful test results of both high-temperature brazing and diffusion bonding techniques.