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September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Yoshi Hirooka, Haishan Zhou
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 66 | Number 1 | July-August 2014 | Pages 63-69
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-777
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The first wall of a magnetic fusion DEMO reactor serves to separate the edge plasma from breeding blanket, the latter of which is required to operate at elevated temperatures. To minimize the thermo-mechanical stress, the wall thickness is often limited to be less than 1 cm. As a result, the first wall is subjected to hydrogen isotopes permeation in the two opposite directions via plasma-driven permeation (PDP) by D+ (or D0) and T+ (or T0) in the edge plasma region and via gas-driven permeation (GDP) by T2 bred in the blanket. In the present work, the bi-directional hydrogen permeation behavior through a candidate first wall material, F82H, has been studied, using a laboratory-scale plasma device. Experimental data indicate that GDP tends to dominate the overall hydrogen isotopes transport. The effects of surface roughness and contamination on PDP have been investigated. Also, a one-dimensional diffusion code has been used to simulate bi-directional PDP and GDP under reactor-relevant conditions where multiple hydrogen isotopes flow through the first wall.