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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Yuriy Divin and Hitesh Kumar B. Pandya
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 65 | Number 3 | May 2014 | Pages 399-405
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-713
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Electron cyclotron emission (ECE) from hot tokamak plasmas is recognized nowadays as a very informative diagnostic of main plasma parameters. Among several instruments developed to measure ECE, only a Martin-Puplett interferometer operates in a broadband frequency range of ECE from 70 to 1000 GHz. To derive the absolute radiation temperature of the plasma, a total measurement system, including front-end radiation collection, a transmission line, and the interferometer, is calibrated using a hot/cold calibration source. It takes a long time to calibrate the ECE system because of the high values of the noise equivalent power (NEP). A new technique, Hilbert-transform spectral analysis, is proposed for ITER plasma ECE spectral measurements. The operation principle, characteristics, and advantages of the corresponding Hilbert-transform spectrum analyzer (HTSA) based on a high-Tc Josephson detector are described. Because of the lower NEP values of the Josephson detector, this spectrum analyzer might demonstrate shorter calibration times than those for the Martin-Puplett interferometer. Because of a principal difference between Fourier and Hilbert transforms, the HTSA might have an additional advantage in retrieving harmonic ECE radiation from a continuous thermal background.
