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60 Years of U: Perspectives on resources, demand, and the evolving role of nuclear energy
Recent years have seen growing global interest in nuclear energy and rising confidence in the sector. For the first time since the early 2000s, there is renewed optimism about the industry’s future. This change is driven by several major factors: geopolitical developments that highlight the need for secure energy supplies, a stronger focus on resilient energy systems, national commitments to decarbonization, and rising demand for clean and reliable electricity.
Panos J. Karditsas, Neill P. Taylor
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 44 | Number 1 | July 2003 | Pages 227-231
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - Divertor and Plasma-Facing Components | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A338
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
As part of the European Power Plant Conceptual Study, two different divertor designs were proposed, based on previous work on HETS (High Efficiency Thermal Shield) performed at FZK and ENEA. The coolant is helium gas at pressures in the range 10-14 MPa and the inlet temperatures are in the range of 500-800°C. The geometrical complexity of the designs made prediction of heat transfer coefficients, needed for conducting thermal and structural analysis, difficult, and the calculated values from empirical correlations uncertain. This paper presents and summarises results of thermal-fluid calculations performed on both divertor concepts and gives estimates of effective values of heat transfer coefficients based on the local flow conditions and temperature distributions. The agreement of calculations with experimental values for similar conditions, inspires confidence in results from such calculations, and demonstrates that computational fluid dynamic finite element codes can accurately predict behaviour, and can be used to optimise the designs.