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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Rajendra Prashad Anand, Tejen Kumar Basu, Damaraju V. S. Ramakrishna
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 31 | Number 3 | May 1997 | Pages 370-377
Technical Paper | Blanket Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST97-A30839
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Uranium-233 breeding studies are carried out in a compact thorium-oxide cylindrical blanket assembly surrounded by a thick polypropylene reflector in a fusion neutron environment. The assembly consists of 11 rings of thorium-oxide rods stacked in a hexagonal geometry with a central through channel for the 14-MeV (d, t) neutron source. A total of 120 thorium-oxide probes are inserted inside the rods in different axial and radial locations in the assembly, which is then subjected to 14-MeV neutron irradiation for 25 h. Protactinium-233 gamma activity produced in the probes because of neutron captures in the thorium is measured using a high-efficiency, high-purity germanium detector. The measured 233U production rates are fitted to obtain axial and radial distributions for different rings. These distributions are used to obtain the total 233U breeding in the whole assembly. The integral measured values are found to be in good agreement with the calculated values obtained employing the MCNP Monte Carlo code using the BMCCS2 cross-section library.
