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Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Ronald W. Petzoldt, Ralph W. Moir
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 1 | September 1996 | Pages 73-82
Technical Paper | ICF Target | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30764
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The use of thin membranes to suspend an inertial fusion energy fuel capsule in a holder or hohlraum for injection into a reaction chamber is investigated. Also discussed is the stress that occurs in the fuel within a capsule during acceleration. To determine the maximum target acceleration, capsule displacement and membrane deformation angle are calculated for an axisymmetric geometry for a range of membrane strain and capsule size. Membranes must be thin (perhaps < 1 µm) to minimize their effect on capsule implosion symmetry. Typical target injection scenarios prefer accelerations in excess of 1000 m/s2. Acceleration in excess of 1600 m/s2 for a 2.4-mm-radius 30-mg capsule is possible with two 0.1-µm-thick membranes. Added stress from vibrations could cause a factor of 2 decrease in the allowed acceleration unless the acceleration profile is modified to mitigate this effect. However, if the acceleration is gradually increased and then decreased, over a few membrane oscillation periods (i.e., a few milliseconds), the membrane stress due to oscillation overshoot and the final capsule oscillation amplitude is minimal. Compared with a single membrane, a dual membrane geometry allows several times greater acceleration with reduced capsule displacement.