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Fusion Science and Technology
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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Paul E. Moroz
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 1 | September 1996 | Pages 40-49
Technical Paper | Experimental Device | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30761
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new type of device for plasma confinement that can be categorized as a stellarator-tokamak hybrid is proposed. This device features Wo systems of coils: the standard toroidal field coils of a tokamak and an additional system of simple coils to produce stellarator-like effects. A system of vertically inclined planar coils is used for numerical calculations, although other possible engineering solutions can be found. The system of poloidal field coils is required to compensate for the vertical magnetic field induced by the inclined coils. The possible modernization of a tokamak into such a hybrid is outlined. (The Phaedrus-T tokamak of the University of Wisconsin-Madison is kept in mind in the examples considered.) Because of the availability of two separate coil sets, the device considered is able to operate as a pure stellarator, as a pure tokamak, or as their hybrid when both coil systems are powered. The main unique features and regimes of operation would be expected to include smooth transition from the pure tokamak regime to the pure stellarator regime and back and to possibly operate the device in an alternating-current regime. Devices of this type combine the attractive properties of both tokamaks and stellarators. They feature inductive current, which is efficient for plasma heating and/or current drive, and good plasma confinement, typical of tokamaks. At the same time, they feature the prolonged or continuous plasma discharge operation typical of stellarators.