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Latest News
First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
Diethelm Schroeder-Richter, Sabiha Yildiz
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 29 | Number 4 | July 1996 | Pages 512-518
Technical Paper | Blanket Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30694
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The critical heat flux (CHF) is studied experimentally in vertical tubes heated directly using power current (direct current 2500 A, 15 V) and cooled with water at a low mass flow rate (0 to 0 2 Mg/m2·s) and at low pressure (0.1 to 0.8 MPa). A smooth tube and a tube with a porous coating layer sintered onto the inner surface were used. The tube and the porous coating layer are both made from INCONEL-600. The results (so far at moderate heat fluxes) are compared with each other and with correlations by Katto and by Weber. Enhancement of heat transfer was determined as well as a negative effect of the porous coating below the expected value of CHF. It seems that a disadvantage of the coated tube corresponds to the apparently annular flow regime alone; whereas, the CHFs can be enhanced by the porous layer as long as the bubbly flow pattern is maintained up to the location of maximum heat flux. Obviously, the latter situation is established during high-heat-flux conditions, i.e., at high subcooling and high flow rate, which are the classical design characteristics of high-heat-flux components infusion reactors.