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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Diethelm Schroeder-Richter, Sabiha Yildiz
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 29 | Number 4 | July 1996 | Pages 512-518
Technical Paper | Blanket Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30694
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The critical heat flux (CHF) is studied experimentally in vertical tubes heated directly using power current (direct current 2500 A, 15 V) and cooled with water at a low mass flow rate (0 to 0 2 Mg/m2·s) and at low pressure (0.1 to 0.8 MPa). A smooth tube and a tube with a porous coating layer sintered onto the inner surface were used. The tube and the porous coating layer are both made from INCONEL-600. The results (so far at moderate heat fluxes) are compared with each other and with correlations by Katto and by Weber. Enhancement of heat transfer was determined as well as a negative effect of the porous coating below the expected value of CHF. It seems that a disadvantage of the coated tube corresponds to the apparently annular flow regime alone; whereas, the CHFs can be enhanced by the porous layer as long as the bubbly flow pattern is maintained up to the location of maximum heat flux. Obviously, the latter situation is established during high-heat-flux conditions, i.e., at high subcooling and high flow rate, which are the classical design characteristics of high-heat-flux components infusion reactors.