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Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Hideaki Matsuura, Yasuyuki Nakao, Yutaka Tanaka, Kazuhiko Kudo
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 24 | Number 1 | August 1993 | Pages 17-27
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST93-A30171
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Formation of an effective ion tail due to neutral beam injection heating during startup in D-3He plasmas is investigated. The main idea is to reduce the energy input required for startup heating as well as the 14-MeV neutron yield by creating an effective tail The optimal beam injection energy and beam species are first estimated by solving the steady-state Fokker-Planck equations for the injected species and for tritons. The startup of D-3He plasma is simulated by simultaneously solving the time-dependent power balance and particle conservation equations together with the Fokker-Planck equations. As a result of tail formation in the fuel ion distribution, both the total input energy and the 14-MeV neutron yield during the startup phase are reduced by ∼20% from the values for Maxwellian plasma.
