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Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
W. M. Stacey, Jr.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 23 | Number 2 | March 1993 | Pages 157-166
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST93-A30145
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new “rotational” energy flux is derived for highly collisional impurity ions in tokamaks with strong unbalanced neutral beam injection (NBI). The derivation is based on a consistent ordering of kinetic theory. The rotational flux, which is of a collisional origin and vanishes when the rotation vanishes, is ∼ε2δ−1 times larger than the conventional neoclassical energy flux. This rotational energy flux and a previously derived momentum flux of a similar nature reproduce the experimentally observed relation between momentum and ion energy transport, τφ/τi ∼ O(1), χφ/χi ∼ O(1). The magnitude of χi resulting from this rotational energy flux is the same as is observed in many tokamaks with strong unbalanced NBI. This suggests the control of energy confinement via the control of impurity content in strongly rotating tokamak plasmas.
