ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
C. T. Yeaw, R.L. Wong
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 3 | May 1992 | Pages 1914-1917
Magnetic | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29999
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The stability phenomenon is investigated numerically for a quench initiating in a cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) at a significant distance from the ends. The thermo-hydraulic computer program, CICC, was used. The geometry chosen for this study is a toroidal field (TF) coil for the conceptual design activity (CDA) of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Previous studies of short conductors have shown that convective helium flows, induced by the initiating heat pulse, control the stability of the conductor. The present study of a long conductor exhibits reduced energy margins and the absence of a transition region between the well-cooled and ill-cooled stability regions because the initiating heat pulse has difficulty sustaining a convective flow. The effect of heat-pulse duration and heated length were considered. For short, high-energy heat pulses, high convective and conductive heat-transfer coefficients can only be maintained for 10 ms. If the heat-pulse energy is spread over 100 ms, the steady-state heat-transfer coefficient is sufficient to stabilize the conductor. Pulse durations between 10 and 100 ms cause a decrease in energy margin. On the other hand, the conductor length heated was found to have only a small effect on stability.