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  Dragonfly, a Pu-fueled drone heading to Titan, gets key NASA approval
  Curiosity landed on Mars sporting a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) in 2012, and a second NASA rover, Perseverance, landed in 2021. Both are still rolling across the red planet in the name of science. Another exploratory craft with a similar plutonium-238–fueled RTG but a very different mission—to fly between multiple test sites on Titan, Saturn’s largest moon—recently got one step closer to deployment.
  On April 25, NASA and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) announced that the Dragonfly mission to Saturn’s icy moon passed its critical design review. “Passing this mission milestone means that Dragonfly’s mission design, fabrication, integration, and test plans are all approved, and the mission can now turn its attention to the construction of the spacecraft itself,” according to NASA.
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The stability phenomenon is investigated numerically for a quench initiating in a cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) at a significant distance from the ends. The thermo-hydraulic computer program, CICC, was used. The geometry chosen for this study is a toroidal field (TF) coil for the conceptual design activity (CDA) of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Previous studies of short conductors have shown that convective helium flows, induced by the initiating heat pulse, control the stability of the conductor. The present study of a long conductor exhibits reduced energy margins and the absence of a transition region between the well-cooled and ill-cooled stability regions because the initiating heat pulse has difficulty sustaining a convective flow. The effect of heat-pulse duration and heated length were considered. For short, high-energy heat pulses, high convective and conductive heat-transfer coefficients can only be maintained for 10 ms. If the heat-pulse energy is spread over 100 ms, the steady-state heat-transfer coefficient is sufficient to stabilize the conductor. Pulse durations between 10 and 100 ms cause a decrease in energy margin. On the other hand, the conductor length heated was found to have only a small effect on stability.