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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
R. D. Pillsbury, Jr., S. Fairfax, R. Granetz, S. Horne, I. Hutchinson, G. Tinios, S. Wolfe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 3 | May 1992 | Pages 1898-1904
Magnetic | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29996
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Alcator C-MOD is the latest in a line of high field, compact tokamaks built and operated by the Plasma Fusion Center at MIT. From the electromagnetic standpoint the machine is characterized by toroidal field (TF) coils with sliding joints, a poloidal field (PF) coil set that is inside the bore of the TF coils, and very thick-sectioned, toroidally continuous, vacuum vessel and metal structures. The tokamak is cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures and pulsed. At the toroidal field of 9 T, the maximum temperature in the TF rises to approximately room temperature. The pulsed nature of the current together with this wide temperature range requires a solution of the coupled electromagnetic and thermal diffusion problems. In addition, eddy currents induced in the thick electrically conducting structures perturb the spatial and temporal distribution of the poloidal magnetic field in the vacuum chamber, especially for the plasma breakdown and initiation phase and during fast plasma position control. The transient electromagnetic field problem associated with these regimes must be taken into account in the design and analysis of the tokamak. The results of analyses of the electromagnetic behavior of Alcator C-MOD will be compared with measured data.