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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
J.T. Hogan, N.A. Uckan
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 3 | May 1992 | Pages 1397-1405
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29918
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Global MHD stability calculations using the PEST code have been carried out as part of the US ITER team's High Aspect Ratio Design (HARD) study. Approximately 15,000 cases have been evaluated both for global and local (ballooning) modes. In addition to aspect ratio variations [2.78 < A < 5], a range of shapes (1.4 < κ < 2.0, 0. < δ < 0.6) has been examined and the safety factor has been varied: q(0) was varied from 1.05 to 1.85 and qψ from 3.1 to 4.55. For global aspect ratio scaling, these results show no significant increase or decrease in the maximum Troyon parameter, within the level of variation imposed by profile differences: the scaling of the maximum Troyon parameter (g) is found to be independent of A, if optimal values are considered at each aspect ratio. Specific results for the HARD configuration (A = 4.0, κ = 2.0, δ = 0.4 and q = 3.1, 4) show that the grequired can be obtained with values of 1i(3) = 0.65 – 0.85 in both the ignition and steady state phases.