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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
M. Saeki, T. Hirabayashi, Y. Aratono, M. Nakashima, N. M. Masaki, E. Tachikawa
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 2 | March 1992 | Pages 806-811
Material; Storage and Processing | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29847
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The chemical interaction of tritium with various materials has been studied. The chemical state of tritium resting in materials depended on their chemical and physical conditions. The state of tritium can be classified into four categories, chemically bounded tritium, molecularly trapped tritium, tritium trapped as atomic state, and tritium localized in a special part. These chemical states in or on materials controlled the diffusivity of tritium in them and release from their surfaces. The chemical properties of materials mainly affect the resting state of tritium, but in some cases, the effects of physical properties are more important than those of the chemical ones.
