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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
A. Perujo, S. Alberici, J. Camposilvan, F. Reiter
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 2 | March 1992 | Pages 800-805
Material; Storage and Processing | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29846
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The interaction of hydrogen isotopes with MANET (MArtensitic for NET) has been studied by a gas-evolution method in the framework of activities aimed at characterizing this steel. Temperatures in the range 573 – 873 K and loading pressures between 103 and 105 Pa have been used. In the temperature and loading pressure range studied, hydrogen and deuterium diffusivity in MANET is about two orders of magnitude higher than for AISI 316L (austenitic steel), ie in the range from 10−9 to 10−8 m2 · s−1. However, the solubility (Ks) in MANET is about an order of magnitude lower than in the austenitic steel, ie in the range 10−3 to 10−2 mol· m−3 · Pa−1/2. Changes of these properties caused by a phase change of the material at temperatures above 673 K are discussed. The hydrogen and deuterium data obtained were used to calculate the tritium solubility and diffusivity data by means of quantum-statistical theories.
