ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
P. Giroux, Th. Pelletier, M. Maj
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 2 | March 1992 | Pages 706-713
Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29830
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
After a few mistaken ideas about the management of tritiated wastes, towards 1980, a global strategy was established for reprocessing all tritiated gaseous, liquid and solid wastes so that eventually, there will be no tritiated wastes. Meantime, safe interim storage of wastes is ensured at VALDUC Centre, after reprocessing. Solid wastes are classified in terms of degassing rate and storage buildings constructed taking due account of the various contamination levels. New reprocessing methods should solve the problem in the future by elimination, de-commissioning or disposal. Solid waste originating in controlled-fusion reactors will prove a critical problem in the future because of the nature of the materials and the presence of highly-gamma-irradiating activation products. Therefore, high-standard methods are required for reprocessing tritiated products to be placed in final sub-soil disposal sites.