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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
H. Maekawa, S. Yamaguchia, C. Konno, Y. Oyama, Y. Ikeda, K. Sekiyamab, K. Kosako
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 1949-1954
Neutronic | Proceedings of the Ninth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Oak Brook, Illinois, October 7-11, 1990) | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29627
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An integral experiment was performed on a Be cylindrical assembly of 630mm in diameter and 456mm in thick. Measured items were reaction rates, in-system neutron spectra and gamma-ray heating rates. The experimental analysis was performed by the MCNP and DOT3.5 codes using the nuclear data of JENDL-3, JENDL-3PR1, ENDF/B-IV and LANL. For high threshold reactions and integral flux above 10MeV, the calculation based on JENDL-3 agrees well with the experiment, while the calculations of ENDF/B-IV and LANL underestimetes those compared to the experiment. For integral neutron flux of 0.16∼0.5 MeV, the calculation of JENDL-3 agrees well with the experiment. But in the case of ENDF/B-IV the underestimation is 20%. It can be concluded that the nuclear data of Be in JENDL-3 improves very much in accuracy from the temporary version JENDL-3PR1.
