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GAO: Clarification of HLW definition could save DOE billions
A clearer definition of what constitutes high-level radioactive waste could save the Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management “tens of billions of dollars” in waste management costs and accelerate its cleanup schedule by decades, according to a report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office.
DOE-EM’s efforts to manage waste resulting from legacy spent nuclear fuel reprocessing have been hindered for decades by the ambiguity of the statutory definition of HLW as laid out in the Atomic Energy Act and Nuclear Waste Policy Act, the report states. While admitting that the DOE has taken steps to overcome this ambiguity, the GAO says that the department has not fully evaluated all available opportunities to treat and dispose of waste more economically as either transuranic or low-level radioactive waste.
R. Carrera, W. D. Booth, J. L. Anderson, T. Bauer, D. Coffin, T. A. Parish†
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 1629-1633
Material and Tritium | Proceedings of the Ninth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Oak Brook, Illinois, October 7-11, 1990) | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29574
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper outlines the preliminary conceptual design of a minimum—cost tritium system for a basic ignition experiment whose objective is to produce and control fusion ignited plasmas for scientific study. A system without tritium recycling and tritium reprocessing is envisioned. The fueling requirements can be satisfied by using a tritium storage tank with 20 kCi absorbed in a uranium bed which will be delivered to the facility every month (about 100 ignition pulses). Fueling needs will be supplied by thermal heating of the uranium bed and subsequent gas puffing of the tritium into the tokamak vacuum vessel. A modular vacuum pumping system is considered (6 × 880 ℓ/sec). Tritiated liquid effluents are eliminated by using oilless—bearing pumps. A thin carbon film is applied by glow discharge over the first wall to contain the tritium in the plasma chamber (by saturating the C film). The overall cost of the tritium system is estimated to be less than $3 million.