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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
K. Yoshikawa, T. Noma, Y. Yamamoto
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 870-875
Advanced Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29454
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
New methods of direct-energy conversion from energetic ions through the interaction between ions and electromagentic fields (i.e., Peniotron-type and Gyrotron-type converters,) were proposed, and the performance characteristics of the former are presented in this study. Numerical analyses have shown that the Peniotron-type converter has excellent performance characteristics in energy recovery from the energetic ion energy associated with the velocity component perpendicular to the axially applied magnetic fields in the converter, where ions make helical motions. The energy recovery efficiency is found to be dependent upon the energy spread, the incident angle, and to the deviation of the gyration center from the converter axis at its inlet. Control of the gyration center, in particular, is found to be most important. The analyses have shown that the new methods are essentially feasible in recovering energy from 14.7-MeV protons in a D-3He advanced fusion reactor with high efficiency.