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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
T. D. Kaladze, K. N. Stepanov
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 18 | Number 3 | November 1990 | Pages 487-495
Alpha Particles in Fusion Research | Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST90-A29284
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Damping of small-scale fast magnetosonic waves (FMSWs) in large tokamak plasmas due to cyclotron absorption by a small group of resonance alpha particles (products of the thermonuclear fusion) is determined on the basis of a nonlocal approach. Such a nonlocal approach for the separate modes of a FMSW gives the same expression for the damping coefficient (except for special cases) as obtained in the local approach, although the distribution of high-frequency fields in the cyclotron resonance range may differ greatly. The cyclotron absorption of these waves by alpha particles may be essential, and it competes with electron Cherenkov absorption and cyclotron absorption by ions of other species during plasma heating and maintenance of the current in reactor tokamaks by means of FMSWs.