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November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
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Dry Ice Blasting: A Game-Changer for Safe Cleaning and Decontamination in Nuclear Power Plants
The nuclear energy industry is critical not only for meeting the world’s growing demand for electricity but also for advancing global decarbonization goals. As the sector evolves—through life extensions of existing plants, decommissioning, innovations like small modular reactors (SMRs) and microreactors, and new facility construction—the need for safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible maintenance and decommissioning continues to grow. Whether a plant is coming online, operating beyond its original design life, or entering decommissioning, cleanliness and operational integrity remain non-negotiable. That’s where dry ice blasting stands out—a powerful, safe cleaning method ideally suited for the high-stakes demands of nuclear environments.
S. K. Ho, Max E. Fenstermacher
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 16 | Number 2 | September 1989 | Pages 185-196
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST89-A29147
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
It is desirable for the plasma operating points of future Engineering Test Reactor (ETR) tokamaks to be in parameter regimes that are inherently stable to thermal fluctuations; in other words, thermal equilibrium is maintained by properties of the power balance terms themselves without an active burn control system. Methodologies are presented for calculating thermally stable operating points and scenarios to achieve these conditions. Results are given for an ETR tokamak with major radius R0 = 5.8 m in both the ignition and current-drive modes. Though the results are sensitive to the form of the energy confinement scaling law used, for enhancements over L-mode confinement by factors of 1.5 to 2.0, stable operating regions in (n, T) space have been identified for ignited operation with T ≥ 20 keV and for current-drive steady-state operation with T ≈ 25 keV. Burn dynamics simulations and discussion of critical issues are also presented. The analyses are general and should be applicable to a wide variety of deuterium-tritium burning tokamaks.